Rainy Day…

Basic Networking Interview Questions with answer

When were OSI model developed and why its standard called 802.XX and so on?
OSI model was developed in February1980 that why these also known as 802.XX Standard (Notice 80 means ==> 1980, 2means ==> February)

 
What is Full form of ADS?
Active Directory Structure


How will you register and activate windows?
If you have not activated windows XP, you can do so at any time by clicking the windows Activation icon in the system tray to initiate activation. Once you have activated windows XP, this icon disappears from the system tray.
For registration
Start ==> Run ==> regwiz /r

Where do we use cross and standard cable?
Computer to computer ==> cross
Switch/hub to switch/hub ==>cross
Computer to switch/hub ==>standard

How many pins do serial ports have?
In computer it’s known as com port and could be available in 9pin or 25 pin. On router it have 60 pins.

How will check ip address on 98?
Start ==> Run ==> command ==> winipcfg

How will you make partition after installing windows?
My computer ==> right click ==> manage ==> disk management ==>
select free space ==> right click ==> New partition

What is IP?
It’s a unique 32 bits software address of a node in a network.

What is private IP?
Three ranges of IP addresses have been reserved for private address and they are not valid for use on the Internet. If you want to access internet with these address you must have to use proxy server or NAT server (on normal cases the role of proxy server is played by your ISP.).If you do decide to implement a private IP address range, you can use IP addresses from any of the following classes:
Class A      10.0.0.0    10.255.255.255
Class B       172.16.0.0     172.31.255.255
Class C       192.168.0.0     192.168.255.255

What is public IP address?
A public IP address is an address leased from an ISP that allows or enables direct Internet communication.

What’s the benefit of subnetting?
Reduce the size of the routing tables.
Reduce network traffic. Broadcast traffic can be isolated within a single logical network.
Provide a way to secure network traffic by isolating it from the rest of the network.

What are the differences between static ip addressing and dynamic ip addressing?
With static IP addressing, a computer (or other device) is configured to always use the same IP address. With dynamic addressing, the IP address can change periodically and is managed by a centralized network service

What is APIPA?
Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA) is a feature mainly found in Microsoft operating systems. APIPA enables clients to still communicate with other computers on the same network segment until an IP address can be obtained from a DHCP server, allowing the machine to fully participate on the network. The range of these IP address are the 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 with a default Class B subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

What are the LMHOSTS files?
The LMHOSTS file is a static method of resolving NetBIOS names to IP addresses in the same way that the HOSTS file is a static method of resolving domain names into IP addresses. An LMHOSTS file is a text file that maps NetBIOS names to IP addresses; it must be manually configured and updated.

What is DHCP scope?
A scope is a range, or pool, of IP addresses that can be leased to DHCP clients on a given subnet.

What is FQDN?
An FQDN contains (fully qualified domain name) both the hostname and a domain name. It uniquely identifies a host within a DNS hierarchy

What is the DNS forwarder?
DNS servers often must communicate with DNS servers outside of the local network. A forwarder is an entry that is used when a DNS server receives DNS queries that it cannot resolve locally. It then forwards those requests to external DNS servers for resolution.

Which command will you use to find out the name of the pc in networks?
NSLOOKUP [192.168.0.1]
[Ip of target computer]

How will enable sound service in 2003?
By default this service remain disable to enable this service
Start ==> administrative tools ==> service ==> windows audio ==> start up type ==> automatic

How will enable CD burning service in 2003?
By default this service remain disable to enable this service
Start ==> administrative tools ==> service ==> IMAPI CD burning com service ==> start up type ==> automatic

Networking Interview

What are the difference between hub and switch?

Hub is a layer 1 device. It will out the signal from all of its port except the one from where its insert. It is unable to detect the collision. It works on single collision and single broadcast domain.
Switch is layer 2 device. It maintains a CAM table that store the MAC address of devices attached on its port. CAM table is used to make the forwarding decision. It works on per port collision and single broadcast domain.

What is layer?

Layer is a completely logical partition of PDU (protocol data unit) process. That define how the information is travel form one computer to other over the network.

What is TCP/IP?

It is combination of two protocols TCP and IP. It is used for reliable data transfer.

What is operating system?

An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as "OS") is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. It provides a platform to application software.

What is package software?

The collection of mostly used software released in package Form Company. For Example Ms-Office that contain word, power point, Excel, etc.

Full form of .co.in, .com

• COM - ".com" stands for "commercial".
• NET - ".net" stands for "network"
• ORG - ".org" stands for "organization"
• INFO - ".info" stands for "information"
• BIZ - ".biz" stands for "business".
• IN - 'IN' stands for India. The 'IN' is a 2-letter country code for India.

What is ring topology?

In a ring topology, device one connects to device two, device two connects to device three, and so on to the last device, which connects back to device one.

Which cable is used in LAN?

Generally coaxial and TP media is used in LAN networking.

What are Difference between STP and UTP?

STP cable is mostly used by IBM; it has an extra cover over each pair.
UTP cable is used in star topology. It has a single cover over all pair.

What is IEEE?

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (read eye-triple-e) is an international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of technology related to electricity. It has the most members of any technical professional organization in the world, with more than 365,000 members in around 150 countries.

What is 802.3?

IEEE 802.3 is a collection of IEEE standards defining the physical layer and the media access control (MAC) of the data link layer of wired Ethernet. Physical connections are made between nodes and infrastructure devices hubs, switches and routers by various types of copper or fiber cable.

Full form of ping.

PING stand for Packet Internet Grouper

What are the minimum requirements for xp installation?

64MB RAM
1.5GB free HDD space
233MHz minimum processor.

What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs?

10Base2— An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of 100 meters and a maximum of 2 segments.
10Base5—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling, with 5 continuous segments not exceeding 100 meters per segment.
10BaseT—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling and twisted pair cabling.

What is the difference between an unspecified passive open and a fully specified passive open?

An unspecified passive open has the server waiting for a connection request from a client.
A fully specified passive open has the server waiting for a connection from a specific client.

Explain the function of Transmission Control Block

A TCB is a complex data structure that contains a considerable amount of information about each connection.

What is a Management Information Base (MIB)?

A Management Information Base is part of every SNMP-managed device. Each SNMP agent has the MIB database that contains information about the device's status, its performance, connections, and configuration. The MIB is queried by SNMP.

What is anonymous FTP and why would you use it?

Anonymous FTP enables users to connect to a host without using a valid login and password. Usually, anonymous FTP uses a login called anonymous or guest, with the password usually requesting the user's ID for tracking purposes only. Anonymous FTP is used to enable a large number of users to access files on the host without having to go to the trouble of setting up logins for them all. Anonymous FTP systems usually have strict controls over the areas an anonymous user can access.

What is a pseudo tty?

A pseudo tty or false terminal enables external machines to connect through Telnet or rlogin. Without a pseudo tty, noconnection can take place.

What does the Mount protocol do?

The Mount protocol returns a file handle and the name of the file system in which a requested file resides. The message is sent to the client from the server after reception of a client's request

What is External Data Representation?

External Data Representation is a method of encoding data within an RPC message, used to ensure that the data is not system-dependent.

PC and Mobile Guardian

Prey is a free and open source computer tracking software developed by Fork Ltd, that provides information remotely on the location of a computer device (including smartphones), screenshots, images from a camera if fitted, etc. Its purpose is to assist in tracking a stolen device, particularly a portable one. The software connects in the background to a central server if an Internet connection is available, and if logged there as missing will send detailed reports either to the server (which a registered user can connect to), or directly to a specified email address.[1] It will supply location information if connected to a WiFi network.

Prey is almost purely written in Bash, and runs on various versions of GNU/Linux, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows[2]. Its source code is hosted on GitHub and is free software, released under the GNU GPLv3.

Latest Prey features include Wi-Fi autoconnect, an alarm system, remote messaging, screenshot grabbing, screen locking, data securing, hardware scanning[3] and webcam capturing, if the computer includes one. All of these functions are managed as modules, which can be activated on demand by the user, and new functions can be added by adding new modules.

The application was released for Linux and Mac OS X on March 24, 2009 [4], and for Microsoft Windows on April 19, 2009.[5] The release current as of September 2011[update] was 0.5.3[6].
Rest safe.
Prey lets you keep track of your phone or laptop at all times, and will help you find it if it ever gets lost or stolen. It's lightweight, open source software, and free for anyone to use. And it just works.

http://www.preyproject.com/

How it works
Basically you install a tiny agent in your PC or phone, which silently waits for a remote signal to wake up and work its magic.

This signal is sent either from the Internet or through an SMS message, and allows you to gather information regarding the device's location, hardware and network status, and optionally trigger specific actions on it.

Recover what is rightfully yours

You can quickly find out where your computer is located, who's using it, and what he's doing on it thanks to Prey's powerful reports system.

By marking your device as missing, Prey will gather all the evidence you request and send it either to your Control Panel account or directly to your mailbox, depending on the reporting method

They can run but they can't hide

Besides gathering information, you can also trigger actions remotely such as sounding a loud alarm or showing a message which will appear onscreen – just in case you want the guy to know he's being chased at.

You can also wipe your stored passwords for security, or even lock down your PC to prevent access. In other words, you're in control.

There's two ways in which you can send Prey the activation signal and get the reports.

1. Prey + Control Panel

Recommended for most users. You monitor your devices on Prey's web Control Panel, where you can watch new reports arrive and manage specific settings, such as changing the frequency for reports and actions. You can add up to three devices for free, and can optionally upgrade to a Pro Account in case you wish to bypass this limit.

2. Prey Standalone

For advanced users who wish more control. In this case, reports fly directly to your inbox but you need to set up your SMTP settings, and more importantly, you must generate a valid web URL which will trigger Prey to wake up when deleted -- otherwise Prey will keep sending reports on each interval!